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      topmost markobject is popped, leaving the mutated dict at the top
      of the stack.

      Stack before:  ... pydict markobject key_1 value_1 ... key_n value_n
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      leaving the mutated set at the top of the stack.

      Stack before:  ... pyset markobject item_1 ... item_n
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      �GET�gz�Read an object from the memo and push it on the stack.

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      �LONG_BINPUT�rz�Store the stack top into the memo.  The stack is not popped.

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      �EXT1�‚a�Extension code.

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      ints and object names.

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      �STACK_GLOBAL�“z7Push a global object (module.attr) on the stack.
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      �BUILD�ba�Finish building an object, via __setstate__ or dict update.

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      Now it gets complicated.  If all of these are true:

        + The argtuple is empty (markobject was at the top of the stack
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        + The class object does not have a __getinitargs__ attribute.

      then we want to create an old-style class instance without invoking
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      As for INST, the remainder of the stack above the markobject is
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<��d�{��c����C�c�I���?�g��C�2��F�K�K� 0�0�1�1�D����;�;�"L�L��C�%��*�,�,�D��C�$�s�)�O�+�D����g�
�%����C�7�S��Y�.�/�/�D��$�i�G���|�"���C�&�*�*�*�*�4��3�A�6�6�6�D�
�d�����X�&�&��u�:�� ��-�08�#�e�*�/E�F�G�
G���x�i�j�!�������S�!�
���U��E+�H
�
,�h�S�A���9�E�A�B�B�
��E"�!� �H�!�s�%K4�4L�Lc��eZdZd�Zy)�_Examplec��||_yr)�value)rr�s  rrz_Example.__init__�	s	����
rN)rrrrrrrr�r��	s��rr�a�
>>> import pickle
>>> x = [1, 2, (3, 4), {b'abc': "def"}]
>>> pkl0 = pickle.dumps(x, 0)
>>> dis(pkl0)
    0: (    MARK
    1: l        LIST       (MARK at 0)
    2: p    PUT        0
    5: I    INT        1
    8: a    APPEND
    9: I    INT        2
   12: a    APPEND
   13: (    MARK
   14: I        INT        3
   17: I        INT        4
   20: t        TUPLE      (MARK at 13)
   21: p    PUT        1
   24: a    APPEND
   25: (    MARK
   26: d        DICT       (MARK at 25)
   27: p    PUT        2
   30: c    GLOBAL     '_codecs encode'
   46: p    PUT        3
   49: (    MARK
   50: V        UNICODE    'abc'
   55: p        PUT        4
   58: V        UNICODE    'latin1'
   66: p        PUT        5
   69: t        TUPLE      (MARK at 49)
   70: p    PUT        6
   73: R    REDUCE
   74: p    PUT        7
   77: V    UNICODE    'def'
   82: p    PUT        8
   85: s    SETITEM
   86: a    APPEND
   87: .    STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 0

Try again with a "binary" pickle.

>>> pkl1 = pickle.dumps(x, 1)
>>> dis(pkl1)
    0: ]    EMPTY_LIST
    1: q    BINPUT     0
    3: (    MARK
    4: K        BININT1    1
    6: K        BININT1    2
    8: (        MARK
    9: K            BININT1    3
   11: K            BININT1    4
   13: t            TUPLE      (MARK at 8)
   14: q        BINPUT     1
   16: }        EMPTY_DICT
   17: q        BINPUT     2
   19: c        GLOBAL     '_codecs encode'
   35: q        BINPUT     3
   37: (        MARK
   38: X            BINUNICODE 'abc'
   46: q            BINPUT     4
   48: X            BINUNICODE 'latin1'
   59: q            BINPUT     5
   61: t            TUPLE      (MARK at 37)
   62: q        BINPUT     6
   64: R        REDUCE
   65: q        BINPUT     7
   67: X        BINUNICODE 'def'
   75: q        BINPUT     8
   77: s        SETITEM
   78: e        APPENDS    (MARK at 3)
   79: .    STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 1

Exercise the INST/OBJ/BUILD family.

>>> import pickletools
>>> dis(pickle.dumps(pickletools.dis, 0))
    0: c    GLOBAL     'pickletools dis'
   17: p    PUT        0
   20: .    STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 0

>>> from pickletools import _Example
>>> x = [_Example(42)] * 2
>>> dis(pickle.dumps(x, 0))
    0: (    MARK
    1: l        LIST       (MARK at 0)
    2: p    PUT        0
    5: c    GLOBAL     'copy_reg _reconstructor'
   30: p    PUT        1
   33: (    MARK
   34: c        GLOBAL     'pickletools _Example'
   56: p        PUT        2
   59: c        GLOBAL     '__builtin__ object'
   79: p        PUT        3
   82: N        NONE
   83: t        TUPLE      (MARK at 33)
   84: p    PUT        4
   87: R    REDUCE
   88: p    PUT        5
   91: (    MARK
   92: d        DICT       (MARK at 91)
   93: p    PUT        6
   96: V    UNICODE    'value'
  103: p    PUT        7
  106: I    INT        42
  110: s    SETITEM
  111: b    BUILD
  112: a    APPEND
  113: g    GET        5
  116: a    APPEND
  117: .    STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 0

>>> dis(pickle.dumps(x, 1))
    0: ]    EMPTY_LIST
    1: q    BINPUT     0
    3: (    MARK
    4: c        GLOBAL     'copy_reg _reconstructor'
   29: q        BINPUT     1
   31: (        MARK
   32: c            GLOBAL     'pickletools _Example'
   54: q            BINPUT     2
   56: c            GLOBAL     '__builtin__ object'
   76: q            BINPUT     3
   78: N            NONE
   79: t            TUPLE      (MARK at 31)
   80: q        BINPUT     4
   82: R        REDUCE
   83: q        BINPUT     5
   85: }        EMPTY_DICT
   86: q        BINPUT     6
   88: X        BINUNICODE 'value'
   98: q        BINPUT     7
  100: K        BININT1    42
  102: s        SETITEM
  103: b        BUILD
  104: h        BINGET     5
  106: e        APPENDS    (MARK at 3)
  107: .    STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 1

Try "the canonical" recursive-object test.

>>> L = []
>>> T = L,
>>> L.append(T)
>>> L[0] is T
True
>>> T[0] is L
True
>>> L[0][0] is L
True
>>> T[0][0] is T
True
>>> dis(pickle.dumps(L, 0))
    0: (    MARK
    1: l        LIST       (MARK at 0)
    2: p    PUT        0
    5: (    MARK
    6: g        GET        0
    9: t        TUPLE      (MARK at 5)
   10: p    PUT        1
   13: a    APPEND
   14: .    STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 0

>>> dis(pickle.dumps(L, 1))
    0: ]    EMPTY_LIST
    1: q    BINPUT     0
    3: (    MARK
    4: h        BINGET     0
    6: t        TUPLE      (MARK at 3)
    7: q    BINPUT     1
    9: a    APPEND
   10: .    STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 1

Note that, in the protocol 0 pickle of the recursive tuple, the disassembler
has to emulate the stack in order to realize that the POP opcode at 16 gets
rid of the MARK at 0.

>>> dis(pickle.dumps(T, 0))
    0: (    MARK
    1: (        MARK
    2: l            LIST       (MARK at 1)
    3: p        PUT        0
    6: (        MARK
    7: g            GET        0
   10: t            TUPLE      (MARK at 6)
   11: p        PUT        1
   14: a        APPEND
   15: 0        POP
   16: 0        POP        (MARK at 0)
   17: g    GET        1
   20: .    STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 0

>>> dis(pickle.dumps(T, 1))
    0: (    MARK
    1: ]        EMPTY_LIST
    2: q        BINPUT     0
    4: (        MARK
    5: h            BINGET     0
    7: t            TUPLE      (MARK at 4)
    8: q        BINPUT     1
   10: a        APPEND
   11: 1        POP_MARK   (MARK at 0)
   12: h    BINGET     1
   14: .    STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 1

Try protocol 2.

>>> dis(pickle.dumps(L, 2))
    0: \x80 PROTO      2
    2: ]    EMPTY_LIST
    3: q    BINPUT     0
    5: h    BINGET     0
    7: \x85 TUPLE1
    8: q    BINPUT     1
   10: a    APPEND
   11: .    STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 2

>>> dis(pickle.dumps(T, 2))
    0: \x80 PROTO      2
    2: ]    EMPTY_LIST
    3: q    BINPUT     0
    5: h    BINGET     0
    7: \x85 TUPLE1
    8: q    BINPUT     1
   10: a    APPEND
   11: 0    POP
   12: h    BINGET     1
   14: .    STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 2

Try protocol 3 with annotations:

>>> dis(pickle.dumps(T, 3), annotate=1)
    0: \x80 PROTO      3 Protocol version indicator.
    2: ]    EMPTY_LIST   Push an empty list.
    3: q    BINPUT     0 Store the stack top into the memo.  The stack is not popped.
    5: h    BINGET     0 Read an object from the memo and push it on the stack.
    7: \x85 TUPLE1       Build a one-tuple out of the topmost item on the stack.
    8: q    BINPUT     1 Store the stack top into the memo.  The stack is not popped.
   10: a    APPEND       Append an object to a list.
   11: 0    POP          Discard the top stack item, shrinking the stack by one item.
   12: h    BINGET     1 Read an object from the memo and push it on the stack.
   14: .    STOP         Stop the unpickling machine.
highest protocol among opcodes = 2

a=
>>> import pickle
>>> import io
>>> f = io.BytesIO()
>>> p = pickle.Pickler(f, 2)
>>> x = [1, 2, 3]
>>> p.dump(x)
>>> p.dump(x)
>>> f.seek(0)
0
>>> memo = {}
>>> dis(f, memo=memo)
    0: \x80 PROTO      2
    2: ]    EMPTY_LIST
    3: q    BINPUT     0
    5: (    MARK
    6: K        BININT1    1
    8: K        BININT1    2
   10: K        BININT1    3
   12: e        APPENDS    (MARK at 5)
   13: .    STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 2
>>> dis(f, memo=memo)
   14: \x80 PROTO      2
   16: h    BINGET     0
   18: .    STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 2
)�disassembler_test�disassembler_memo_testc�*�ddl}|j�S)Nr)�doctest�testmod)r�s r�_testr�s����?�?��r�__main__z$disassemble one or more pickle files)�description�pickle_file�*zthe pickle file)�nargs�helpz-oz--outputz+the file where the output should be written)r�z-mz--memo�
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