"""Dependency Resolution

The dependency resolution in pip is performed as follows:

for top-level requirements:
    a. only one spec allowed per project, regardless of conflicts or not.
       otherwise a "double requirement" exception is raised
    b. they override sub-dependency requirements.
for sub-dependencies
    a. "first found, wins" (where the order is breadth first)
"""

import logging
import sys
from collections import defaultdict
from itertools import chain
from typing import DefaultDict, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple

from pip._vendor.packaging import specifiers
from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement

from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
from pip._internal.exceptions import (
    BestVersionAlreadyInstalled,
    DistributionNotFound,
    HashError,
    HashErrors,
    InstallationError,
    NoneMetadataError,
    UnsupportedPythonVersion,
)
from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
from pip._internal.models.link import Link
from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
from pip._internal.operations.prepare import RequirementPreparer
from pip._internal.req.req_install import (
    InstallRequirement,
    check_invalid_constraint_type,
)
from pip._internal.req.req_set import RequirementSet
from pip._internal.resolution.base import BaseResolver, InstallRequirementProvider
from pip._internal.utils import compatibility_tags
from pip._internal.utils.compatibility_tags import get_supported
from pip._internal.utils.direct_url_helpers import direct_url_from_link
from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_version_info
from pip._internal.utils.packaging import check_requires_python

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

DiscoveredDependencies = DefaultDict[Optional[str], List[InstallRequirement]]


def _check_dist_requires_python(
    dist: BaseDistribution,
    version_info: Tuple[int, int, int],
    ignore_requires_python: bool = False,
) -> None:
    """
    Check whether the given Python version is compatible with a distribution's
    "Requires-Python" value.

    :param version_info: A 3-tuple of ints representing the Python
        major-minor-micro version to check.
    :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore the "Requires-Python"
        value if the given Python version isn't compatible.

    :raises UnsupportedPythonVersion: When the given Python version isn't
        compatible.
    """
    # This idiosyncratically converts the SpecifierSet to str and let
    # check_requires_python then parse it again into SpecifierSet. But this
    # is the legacy resolver so I'm just not going to bother refactoring.
    try:
        requires_python = str(dist.requires_python)
    except FileNotFoundError as e:
        raise NoneMetadataError(dist, str(e))
    try:
        is_compatible = check_requires_python(
            requires_python,
            version_info=version_info,
        )
    except specifiers.InvalidSpecifier as exc:
        logger.warning(
            "Package %r has an invalid Requires-Python: %s", dist.raw_name, exc
        )
        return

    if is_compatible:
        return

    version = ".".join(map(str, version_info))
    if ignore_requires_python:
        logger.debug(
            "Ignoring failed Requires-Python check for package %r: %s not in %r",
            dist.raw_name,
            version,
            requires_python,
        )
        return

    raise UnsupportedPythonVersion(
        f"Package {dist.raw_name!r} requires a different Python: "
        f"{version} not in {requires_python!r}"
    )


class Resolver(BaseResolver):
    """Resolves which packages need to be installed/uninstalled to perform \
    the requested operation without breaking the requirements of any package.
    """

    _allowed_strategies = {"eager", "only-if-needed", "to-satisfy-only"}

    def __init__(
        self,
        preparer: RequirementPreparer,
        finder: PackageFinder,
        wheel_cache: Optional[WheelCache],
        make_install_req: InstallRequirementProvider,
        use_user_site: bool,
        ignore_dependencies: bool,
        ignore_installed: bool,
        ignore_requires_python: bool,
        force_reinstall: bool,
        upgrade_strategy: str,
        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        assert upgrade_strategy in self._allowed_strategies

        if py_version_info is None:
            py_version_info = sys.version_info[:3]
        else:
            py_version_info = normalize_version_info(py_version_info)

        self._py_version_info = py_version_info

        self.preparer = preparer
        self.finder = finder
        self.wheel_cache = wheel_cache

        self.upgrade_strategy = upgrade_strategy
        self.force_reinstall = force_reinstall
        self.ignore_dependencies = ignore_dependencies
        self.ignore_installed = ignore_installed
        self.ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
        self.use_user_site = use_user_site
        self._make_install_req = make_install_req

        self._discovered_dependencies: DiscoveredDependencies = defaultdict(list)

    def resolve(
        self, root_reqs: List[InstallRequirement], check_supported_wheels: bool
    ) -> RequirementSet:
        """Resolve what operations need to be done

        As a side-effect of this method, the packages (and their dependencies)
        are downloaded, unpacked and prepared for installation. This
        preparation is done by ``pip.operations.prepare``.

        Once PyPI has static dependency metadata available, it would be
        possible to move the preparation to become a step separated from
        dependency resolution.
        """
        requirement_set = RequirementSet(check_supported_wheels=check_supported_wheels)
        for req in root_reqs:
            if req.constraint:
                check_invalid_constraint_type(req)
            self._add_requirement_to_set(requirement_set, req)

        # Actually prepare the files, and collect any exceptions. Most hash
        # exceptions cannot be checked ahead of time, because
        # _populate_link() needs to be called before we can make decisions
        # based on link type.
        discovered_reqs: List[InstallRequirement] = []
        hash_errors = HashErrors()
        for req in chain(requirement_set.all_requirements, discovered_reqs):
            try:
                discovered_reqs.extend(self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req))
            except HashError as exc:
                exc.req = req
                hash_errors.append(exc)

        if hash_errors:
            raise hash_errors

        return requirement_set

    def _add_requirement_to_set(
        self,
        requirement_set: RequirementSet,
        install_req: InstallRequirement,
        parent_req_name: Optional[str] = None,
        extras_requested: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
    ) -> Tuple[List[InstallRequirement], Optional[InstallRequirement]]:
        """Add install_req as a requirement to install.

        :param parent_req_name: The name of the requirement that needed this
            added. The name is used because when multiple unnamed requirements
            resolve to the same name, we could otherwise end up with dependency
            links that point outside the Requirements set. parent_req must
            already be added. Note that None implies that this is a user
            supplied requirement, vs an inferred one.
        :param extras_requested: an iterable of extras used to evaluate the
            environment markers.
        :return: Additional requirements to scan. That is either [] if
            the requirement is not applicable, or [install_req] if the
            requirement is applicable and has just been added.
        """
        # If the markers do not match, ignore this requirement.
        if not install_req.match_markers(extras_requested):
            logger.info(
                "Ignoring %s: markers '%s' don't match your environment",
                install_req.name,
                install_req.markers,
            )
            return [], None

        # If the wheel is not supported, raise an error.
        # Should check this after filtering out based on environment markers to
        # allow specifying different wheels based on the environment/OS, in a
        # single requirements file.
        if install_req.link and install_req.link.is_wheel:
            wheel = Wheel(install_req.link.filename)
            tags = compatibility_tags.get_supported()
            if requirement_set.check_supported_wheels and not wheel.supported(tags):
                raise InstallationError(
                    f"{wheel.filename} is not a supported wheel on this platform."
                )

        # This next bit is really a sanity check.
        assert (
            not install_req.user_supplied or parent_req_name is None
        ), "a user supplied req shouldn't have a parent"

        # Unnamed requirements are scanned again and the requirement won't be
        # added as a dependency until after scanning.
        if not install_req.name:
            requirement_set.add_unnamed_requirement(install_req)
            return [install_req], None

        try:
            existing_req: Optional[InstallRequirement] = (
                requirement_set.get_requirement(install_req.name)
            )
        except KeyError:
            existing_req = None

        has_conflicting_requirement = (
            parent_req_name is None
            and existing_req
            and not existing_req.constraint
            and existing_req.extras == install_req.extras
            and existing_req.req
            and install_req.req
            and existing_req.req.specifier != install_req.req.specifier
        )
        if has_conflicting_requirement:
            raise InstallationError(
                f"Double requirement given: {install_req} "
                f"(already in {existing_req}, name={install_req.name!r})"
            )

        # When no existing requirement exists, add the requirement as a
        # dependency and it will be scanned again after.
        if not existing_req:
            requirement_set.add_named_requirement(install_req)
            # We'd want to rescan this requirement later
            return [install_req], install_req

        # Assume there's no need to scan, and that we've already
        # encountered this for scanning.
        if install_req.constraint or not existing_req.constraint:
            return [], existing_req

        does_not_satisfy_constraint = install_req.link and not (
            existing_req.link and install_req.link.path == existing_req.link.path
        )
        if does_not_satisfy_constraint:
            raise InstallationError(
                f"Could not satisfy constraints for '{install_req.name}': "
                "installation from path or url cannot be "
                "constrained to a version"
            )
        # If we're now installing a constraint, mark the existing
        # object for real installation.
        existing_req.constraint = False
        # If we're now installing a user supplied requirement,
        # mark the existing object as such.
        if install_req.user_supplied:
            existing_req.user_supplied = True
        existing_req.extras = tuple(
            sorted(set(existing_req.extras) | set(install_req.extras))
        )
        logger.debug(
            "Setting %s extras to: %s",
            existing_req,
            existing_req.extras,
        )
        # Return the existing requirement for addition to the parent and
        # scanning again.
        return [existing_req], existing_req

    def _is_upgrade_allowed(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> bool:
        if self.upgrade_strategy == "to-satisfy-only":
            return False
        elif self.upgrade_strategy == "eager":
            return True
        else:
            assert self.upgrade_strategy == "only-if-needed"
            return req.user_supplied or req.constraint

    def _set_req_to_reinstall(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
        """
        Set a requirement to be installed.
        """
        # Don't uninstall the conflict if doing a user install and the
        # conflict is not a user install.
        assert req.satisfied_by is not None
        if not self.use_user_site or req.satisfied_by.in_usersite:
            req.should_reinstall = True
        req.satisfied_by = None

    def _check_skip_installed(
        self, req_to_install: InstallRequirement
    ) -> Optional[str]:
        """Check if req_to_install should be skipped.

        This will check if the req is installed, and whether we should upgrade
        or reinstall it, taking into account all the relevant user options.

        After calling this req_to_install will only have satisfied_by set to
        None if the req_to_install is to be upgraded/reinstalled etc. Any
        other value will be a dist recording the current thing installed that
        satisfies the requirement.

        Note that for vcs urls and the like we can't assess skipping in this
        routine - we simply identify that we need to pull the thing down,
        then later on it is pulled down and introspected to assess upgrade/
        reinstalls etc.

        :return: A text reason for why it was skipped, or None.
        """
        if self.ignore_installed:
            return None

        req_to_install.check_if_exists(self.use_user_site)
        if not req_to_install.satisfied_by:
            return None

        if self.force_reinstall:
            self._set_req_to_reinstall(req_to_install)
            return None

        if not self._is_upgrade_allowed(req_to_install):
            if self.upgrade_strategy == "only-if-needed":
                return "already satisfied, skipping upgrade"
            return "already satisfied"

        # Check for the possibility of an upgrade.  For link-based
        # requirements we have to pull the tree down and inspect to assess
        # the version #, so it's handled way down.
        if not req_to_install.link:
            try:
                self.finder.find_requirement(req_to_install, upgrade=True)
            except BestVersionAlreadyInstalled:
                # Then the best version is installed.
                return "already up-to-date"
            except DistributionNotFound:
                # No distribution found, so we squash the error.  It will
                # be raised later when we re-try later to do the install.
                # Why don't we just raise here?
                pass

        self._set_req_to_reinstall(req_to_install)
        return None

    def _find_requirement_link(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> Optional[Link]:
        upgrade = self._is_upgrade_allowed(req)
        best_candidate = self.finder.find_requirement(req, upgrade)
        if not best_candidate:
            return None

        # Log a warning per PEP 592 if necessary before returning.
        link = best_candidate.link
        if link.is_yanked:
            reason = link.yanked_reason or "<none given>"
            msg = (
                # Mark this as a unicode string to prevent
                # "UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character"
                # in Python 2 when the reason contains non-ascii characters.
                "The candidate selected for download or install is a "
                f"yanked version: {best_candidate}\n"
                f"Reason for being yanked: {reason}"
            )
            logger.warning(msg)

        return link

    def _populate_link(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
        """Ensure that if a link can be found for this, that it is found.

        Note that req.link may still be None - if the requirement is already
        installed and not needed to be upgraded based on the return value of
        _is_upgrade_allowed().

        If preparer.require_hashes is True, don't use the wheel cache, because
        cached wheels, always built locally, have different hashes than the
        files downloaded from the index server and thus throw false hash
        mismatches. Furthermore, cached wheels at present have undeterministic
        contents due to file modification times.
        """
        if req.link is None:
            req.link = self._find_requirement_link(req)

        if self.wheel_cache is None or self.preparer.require_hashes:
            return

        assert req.link is not None, "_find_requirement_link unexpectedly returned None"
        cache_entry = self.wheel_cache.get_cache_entry(
            link=req.link,
            package_name=req.name,
            supported_tags=get_supported(),
        )
        if cache_entry is not None:
            logger.debug("Using cached wheel link: %s", cache_entry.link)
            if req.link is req.original_link and cache_entry.persistent:
                req.cached_wheel_source_link = req.link
            if cache_entry.origin is not None:
                req.download_info = cache_entry.origin
            else:
                # Legacy cache entry that does not have origin.json.
                # download_info may miss the archive_info.hashes field.
                req.download_info = direct_url_from_link(
                    req.link, link_is_in_wheel_cache=cache_entry.persistent
                )
            req.link = cache_entry.link

    def _get_dist_for(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> BaseDistribution:
        """Takes a InstallRequirement and returns a single AbstractDist \
        representing a prepared variant of the same.
        """
        if req.editable:
            return self.preparer.prepare_editable_requirement(req)

        # satisfied_by is only evaluated by calling _check_skip_installed,
        # so it must be None here.
        assert req.satisfied_by is None
        skip_reason = self._check_skip_installed(req)

        if req.satisfied_by:
            return self.preparer.prepare_installed_requirement(req, skip_reason)

        # We eagerly populate the link, since that's our "legacy" behavior.
        self._populate_link(req)
        dist = self.preparer.prepare_linked_requirement(req)

        # NOTE
        # The following portion is for determining if a certain package is
        # going to be re-installed/upgraded or not and reporting to the user.
        # This should probably get cleaned up in a future refactor.

        # req.req is only avail after unpack for URL
        # pkgs repeat check_if_exists to uninstall-on-upgrade
        # (#14)
        if not self.ignore_installed:
            req.check_if_exists(self.use_user_site)

        if req.satisfied_by:
            should_modify = (
                self.upgrade_strategy != "to-satisfy-only"
                or self.force_reinstall
                or self.ignore_installed
                or req.link.scheme == "file"
            )
            if should_modify:
                self._set_req_to_reinstall(req)
            else:
                logger.info(
                    "Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): %s",
                    req,
                )
        return dist

    def _resolve_one(
        self,
        requirement_set: RequirementSet,
        req_to_install: InstallRequirement,
    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
        """Prepare a single requirements file.

        :return: A list of additional InstallRequirements to also install.
        """
        # Tell user what we are doing for this requirement:
        # obtain (editable), skipping, processing (local url), collecting
        # (remote url or package name)
        if req_to_install.constraint or req_to_install.prepared:
            return []

        req_to_install.prepared = True

        # Parse and return dependencies
        dist = self._get_dist_for(req_to_install)
        # This will raise UnsupportedPythonVersion if the given Python
        # version isn't compatible with the distribution's Requires-Python.
        _check_dist_requires_python(
            dist,
            version_info=self._py_version_info,
            ignore_requires_python=self.ignore_requires_python,
        )

        more_reqs: List[InstallRequirement] = []

        def add_req(subreq: Requirement, extras_requested: Iterable[str]) -> None:
            # This idiosyncratically converts the Requirement to str and let
            # make_install_req then parse it again into Requirement. But this is
            # the legacy resolver so I'm just not going to bother refactoring.
            sub_install_req = self._make_install_req(str(subreq), req_to_install)
            parent_req_name = req_to_install.name
            to_scan_again, add_to_parent = self._add_requirement_to_set(
                requirement_set,
                sub_install_req,
                parent_req_name=parent_req_name,
                extras_requested=extras_requested,
            )
            if parent_req_name and add_to_parent:
                self._discovered_dependencies[parent_req_name].append(add_to_parent)
            more_reqs.extend(to_scan_again)

        with indent_log():
            # We add req_to_install before its dependencies, so that we
            # can refer to it when adding dependencies.
            assert req_to_install.name is not None
            if not requirement_set.has_requirement(req_to_install.name):
                # 'unnamed' requirements will get added here
                # 'unnamed' requirements can only come from being directly
                # provided by the user.
                assert req_to_install.user_supplied
                self._add_requirement_to_set(
                    requirement_set, req_to_install, parent_req_name=None
                )

            if not self.ignore_dependencies:
                if req_to_install.extras:
                    logger.debug(
                        "Installing extra requirements: %r",
                        ",".join(req_to_install.extras),
                    )
                missing_requested = sorted(
                    set(req_to_install.extras) - set(dist.iter_provided_extras())
                )
                for missing in missing_requested:
                    logger.warning(
                        "%s %s does not provide the extra '%s'",
                        dist.raw_name,
                        dist.version,
                        missing,
                    )

                available_requested = sorted(
                    set(dist.iter_provided_extras()) & set(req_to_install.extras)
                )
                for subreq in dist.iter_dependencies(available_requested):
                    add_req(subreq, extras_requested=available_requested)

        return more_reqs

    def get_installation_order(
        self, req_set: RequirementSet
    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
        """Create the installation order.

        The installation order is topological - requirements are installed
        before the requiring thing. We break cycles at an arbitrary point,
        and make no other guarantees.
        """
        # The current implementation, which we may change at any point
        # installs the user specified things in the order given, except when
        # dependencies must come earlier to achieve topological order.
        order = []
        ordered_reqs: Set[InstallRequirement] = set()

        def schedule(req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
            if req.satisfied_by or req in ordered_reqs:
                return
            if req.constraint:
                return
            ordered_reqs.add(req)
            for dep in self._discovered_dependencies[req.name]:
                schedule(dep)
            order.append(req)

        for install_req in req_set.requirements.values():
            schedule(install_req)
        return order