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import collections
import warnings
try:
import ssl
except ImportError: # pragma: no cover
ssl = None
from . import base_events
from . import compat
from . import protocols
from . import transports
from .log import logger
def _create_transport_context(server_side, server_hostname):
if server_side:
raise ValueError('Server side SSL needs a valid SSLContext')
# Client side may pass ssl=True to use a default
# context; in that case the sslcontext passed is None.
# The default is secure for client connections.
if hasattr(ssl, 'create_default_context'):
# Python 3.4+: use up-to-date strong settings.
sslcontext = ssl.create_default_context()
if not server_hostname:
sslcontext.check_hostname = False
else:
# Fallback for Python 3.3.
sslcontext = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
sslcontext.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
sslcontext.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3
sslcontext.set_default_verify_paths()
sslcontext.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
return sslcontext
def _is_sslproto_available():
return hasattr(ssl, "MemoryBIO")
# States of an _SSLPipe.
_UNWRAPPED = "UNWRAPPED"
_DO_HANDSHAKE = "DO_HANDSHAKE"
_WRAPPED = "WRAPPED"
_SHUTDOWN = "SHUTDOWN"
class _SSLPipe(object):
"""An SSL "Pipe".
An SSL pipe allows you to communicate with an SSL/TLS protocol instance
through memory buffers. It can be used to implement a security layer for an
existing connection where you don't have access to the connection's file
descriptor, or for some reason you don't want to use it.
An SSL pipe can be in "wrapped" and "unwrapped" mode. In unwrapped mode,
data is passed through untransformed. In wrapped mode, application level
data is encrypted to SSL record level data and vice versa. The SSL record
level is the lowest level in the SSL protocol suite and is what travels
as-is over the wire.
An SslPipe initially is in "unwrapped" mode. To start SSL, call
do_handshake(). To shutdown SSL again, call unwrap().
"""
max_size = 256 * 1024 # Buffer size passed to read()
def __init__(self, context, server_side, server_hostname=None):
"""
The *context* argument specifies the ssl.SSLContext to use.
The *server_side* argument indicates whether this is a server side or
client side transport.
The optional *server_hostname* argument can be used to specify the
hostname you are connecting to. You may only specify this parameter if
the _ssl module supports Server Name Indication (SNI).
"""
self._context = context
self._server_side = server_side
self._server_hostname = server_hostname
self._state = _UNWRAPPED
self._incoming = ssl.MemoryBIO()
self._outgoing = ssl.MemoryBIO()
self._sslobj = None
self._need_ssldata = False
self._handshake_cb = None
self._shutdown_cb = None
@property
def context(self):
"""The SSL context passed to the constructor."""
return self._context
@property
def ssl_object(self):
"""The internal ssl.SSLObject instance.
Return None if the pipe is not wrapped.
"""
return self._sslobj
@property
def need_ssldata(self):
"""Whether more record level data is needed to complete a handshake
that is currently in progress."""
return self._need_ssldata
@property
def wrapped(self):
"""
Whether a security layer is currently in effect.
Return False during handshake.
"""
return self._state == _WRAPPED
def do_handshake(self, callback=None):
"""Start the SSL handshake.
Return a list of ssldata. A ssldata element is a list of buffers
The optional *callback* argument can be used to install a callback that
will be called when the handshake is complete. The callback will be
called with None if successful, else an exception instance.
"""
if self._state != _UNWRAPPED:
raise RuntimeError('handshake in progress or completed')
self._sslobj = self._context.wrap_bio(
self._incoming, self._outgoing,
server_side=self._server_side,
server_hostname=self._server_hostname)
self._state = _DO_HANDSHAKE
self._handshake_cb = callback
ssldata, appdata = self.feed_ssldata(b'', only_handshake=True)
assert len(appdata) == 0
return ssldata
def shutdown(self, callback=None):
"""Start the SSL shutdown sequence.
Return a list of ssldata. A ssldata element is a list of buffers
The optional *callback* argument can be used to install a callback that
will be called when the shutdown is complete. The callback will be
called without arguments.
"""
if self._state == _UNWRAPPED:
raise RuntimeError('no security layer present')
if self._state == _SHUTDOWN:
raise RuntimeError('shutdown in progress')
assert self._state in (_WRAPPED, _DO_HANDSHAKE)
self._state = _SHUTDOWN
self._shutdown_cb = callback
ssldata, appdata = self.feed_ssldata(b'')
assert appdata == [] or appdata == [b'']
return ssldata
def feed_eof(self):
"""Send a potentially "ragged" EOF.
This method will raise an SSL_ERROR_EOF exception if the EOF is
unexpected.
"""
self._incoming.write_eof()
ssldata, appdata = self.feed_ssldata(b'')
assert appdata == [] or appdata == [b'']
def feed_ssldata(self, data, only_handshake=False):
"""Feed SSL record level data into the pipe.
The data must be a bytes instance. It is OK to send an empty bytes
instance. This can be used to get ssldata for a handshake initiated by
this endpoint.
Return a (ssldata, appdata) tuple. The ssldata element is a list of
buffers containing SSL data that needs to be sent to the remote SSL.
The appdata element is a list of buffers containing plaintext data that
needs to be forwarded to the application. The appdata list may contain
an empty buffer indicating an SSL "close_notify" alert. This alert must
be acknowledged by calling shutdown().
"""
if self._state == _UNWRAPPED:
# If unwrapped, pass plaintext data straight through.
if data:
appdata = [data]
else:
appdata = []
return ([], appdata)
self._need_ssldata = False
if data:
self._incoming.write(data)
ssldata = []
appdata = []
try:
if self._state == _DO_HANDSHAKE:
# Call do_handshake() until it doesn't raise anymore.
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
self._state = _WRAPPED
if self._handshake_cb:
self._handshake_cb(None)
if only_handshake:
return (ssldata, appdata)
# Handshake done: execute the wrapped block
if self._state == _WRAPPED:
# Main state: read data from SSL until close_notify
while True:
chunk = self._sslobj.read(self.max_size)
appdata.append(chunk)
if not chunk: # close_notify
break
elif self._state == _SHUTDOWN:
# Call shutdown() until it doesn't raise anymore.
self._sslobj.unwrap()
self._sslobj = None
self._state = _UNWRAPPED
if self._shutdown_cb:
self._shutdown_cb()
elif self._state == _UNWRAPPED:
# Drain possible plaintext data after close_notify.
appdata.append(self._incoming.read())
except (ssl.SSLError, ssl.CertificateError) as exc:
if getattr(exc, 'errno', None) not in (
ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ, ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE,
ssl.SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL):
if self._state == _DO_HANDSHAKE and self._handshake_cb:
self._handshake_cb(exc)
raise
self._need_ssldata = (exc.errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ)
# Check for record level data that needs to be sent back.
# Happens for the initial handshake and renegotiations.
if self._outgoing.pending:
ssldata.append(self._outgoing.read())
return (ssldata, appdata)
def feed_appdata(self, data, offset=0):
"""Feed plaintext data into the pipe.
Return an (ssldata, offset) tuple. The ssldata element is a list of
buffers containing record level data that needs to be sent to the
remote SSL instance. The offset is the number of plaintext bytes that
were processed, which may be less than the length of data.
NOTE: In case of short writes, this call MUST be retried with the SAME
buffer passed into the *data* argument (i.e. the id() must be the
same). This is an OpenSSL requirement. A further particularity is that
a short write will always have offset == 0, because the _ssl module
does not enable partial writes. And even though the offset is zero,
there will still be encrypted data in ssldata.
"""
assert 0 <= offset <= len(data)
if self._state == _UNWRAPPED:
# pass through data in unwrapped mode
if offset < len(data):
ssldata = [data[offset:]]
else:
ssldata = []
return (ssldata, len(data))
ssldata = []
view = memoryview(data)
while True:
self._need_ssldata = False
try:
if offset < len(view):
offset += self._sslobj.write(view[offset:])
except ssl.SSLError as exc:
# It is not allowed to call write() after unwrap() until the
# close_notify is acknowledged. We return the condition to the
# caller as a short write.
if exc.reason == 'PROTOCOL_IS_SHUTDOWN':
exc.errno = ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ
if exc.errno not in (ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ,
ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE,
ssl.SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL):
raise
self._need_ssldata = (exc.errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ)
# See if there's any record level data back for us.
if self._outgoing.pending:
ssldata.append(self._outgoing.read())
if offset == len(view) or self._need_ssldata:
break
return (ssldata, offset)
class _SSLProtocolTransport(transports._FlowControlMixin,
transports.Transport):
def __init__(self, loop, ssl_protocol):
self._loop = loop
# SSLProtocol instance
self._ssl_protocol = ssl_protocol
self._closed = False
def get_extra_info(self, name, default=None):
"""Get optional transport information."""
return self._ssl_protocol._get_extra_info(name, default)
def set_protocol(self, protocol):
self._ssl_protocol._app_protocol = protocol
def get_protocol(self):
return self._ssl_protocol._app_protocol
def is_closing(self):
return self._closed
def close(self):
"""Close the transport.
Buffered data will be flushed asynchronously. No more data
will be received. After all buffered data is flushed, the
protocol's connection_lost() method will (eventually) called
with None as its argument.
"""
self._closed = True
self._ssl_protocol._start_shutdown()
# On Python 3.3 and older, objects with a destructor part of a reference
# cycle are never destroyed. It's not more the case on Python 3.4 thanks
# to the PEP 442.
if compat.PY34:
def __del__(self):
if not self._closed:
warnings.warn("unclosed transport %r" % self, ResourceWarning,
source=self)
self.close()
def pause_reading(self):
"""Pause the receiving end.
No data will be passed to the protocol's data_received()
method until resume_reading() is called.
"""
self._ssl_protocol._transport.pause_reading()
def resume_reading(self):
"""Resume the receiving end.
Data received will once again be passed to the protocol's
data_received() method.
"""
self._ssl_protocol._transport.resume_reading()
def set_write_buffer_limits(self, high=None, low=None):
"""Set the high- and low-water limits for write flow control.
These two values control when to call the protocol's
pause_writing() and resume_writing() methods. If specified,
the low-water limit must be less than or equal to the
high-water limit. Neither value can be negative.
The defaults are implementation-specific. If only the
high-water limit is given, the low-water limit defaults to an
implementation-specific value less than or equal to the
high-water limit. Setting high to zero forces low to zero as
well, and causes pause_writing() to be called whenever the
buffer becomes non-empty. Setting low to zero causes
resume_writing() to be called only once the buffer is empty.
Use of zero for either limit is generally sub-optimal as it
reduces opportunities for doing I/O and computation
concurrently.
"""
self._ssl_protocol._transport.set_write_buffer_limits(high, low)
def get_write_buffer_size(self):
"""Return the current size of the write buffer."""
return self._ssl_protocol._transport.get_write_buffer_size()
def write(self, data):
"""Write some data bytes to the transport.
This does not block; it buffers the data and arranges for it
to be sent out asynchronously.
"""
if not isinstance(data, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
raise TypeError("data: expecting a bytes-like instance, got {!r}"
.format(type(data).__name__))
if not data:
return
self._ssl_protocol._write_appdata(data)
def can_write_eof(self):
"""Return True if this transport supports write_eof(), False if not."""
return False
def abort(self):
"""Close the transport immediately.
Buffered data will be lost. No more data will be received.
The protocol's connection_lost() method will (eventually) be
called with None as its argument.
"""
self._ssl_protocol._abort()
class SSLProtocol(protocols.Protocol):
"""SSL protocol.
Implementation of SSL on top of a socket using incoming and outgoing
buffers which are ssl.MemoryBIO objects.
"""
def __init__(self, loop, app_protocol, sslcontext, waiter,
server_side=False, server_hostname=None,
call_connection_made=True):
if ssl is None:
raise RuntimeError('stdlib ssl module not available')
if not sslcontext:
sslcontext = _create_transport_context(server_side, server_hostname)
self._server_side = server_side
if server_hostname and not server_side:
self._server_hostname = server_hostname
else:
self._server_hostname = None
self._sslcontext = sslcontext
# SSL-specific extra info. More info are set when the handshake
# completes.
self._extra = dict(sslcontext=sslcontext)
# App data write buffering
self._write_backlog = collections.deque()
self._write_buffer_size = 0
self._waiter = waiter
self._loop = loop
self._app_protocol = app_protocol
self._app_transport = _SSLProtocolTransport(self._loop, self)
# _SSLPipe instance (None until the connection is made)
self._sslpipe = None
self._session_established = False
self._in_handshake = False
self._in_shutdown = False
# transport, ex: SelectorSocketTransport
self._transport = None
self._call_connection_made = call_connection_made
def _wakeup_waiter(self, exc=None):
if self._waiter is None:
return
if not self._waiter.cancelled():
if exc is not None:
self._waiter.set_exception(exc)
else:
self._waiter.set_result(None)
self._waiter = None
def connection_made(self, transport):
"""Called when the low-level connection is made.
Start the SSL handshake.
"""
self._transport = transport
self._sslpipe = _SSLPipe(self._sslcontext,
self._server_side,
self._server_hostname)
self._start_handshake()
def connection_lost(self, exc):
"""Called when the low-level connection is lost or closed.
The argument is an exception object or None (the latter
meaning a regular EOF is received or the connection was
aborted or closed).
"""
if self._session_established:
self._session_established = False
self._loop.call_soon(self._app_protocol.connection_lost, exc)
self._transport = None
self._app_transport = None
self._wakeup_waiter(exc)
def pause_writing(self):
"""Called when the low-level transport's buffer goes over
the high-water mark.
"""
self._app_protocol.pause_writing()
def resume_writing(self):
"""Called when the low-level transport's buffer drains below
the low-water mark.
"""
self._app_protocol.resume_writing()
def data_received(self, data):
"""Called when some SSL data is received.
The argument is a bytes object.
"""
if self._sslpipe is None:
# transport closing, sslpipe is destroyed
return
try:
ssldata, appdata = self._sslpipe.feed_ssldata(data)
except ssl.SSLError as e:
if self._loop.get_debug():
logger.warning('%r: SSL error %s (reason %s)',
self, e.errno, e.reason)
self._abort()
return
for chunk in ssldata:
self._transport.write(chunk)
for chunk in appdata:
if chunk:
self._app_protocol.data_received(chunk)
else:
self._start_shutdown()
break
def eof_received(self):
"""Called when the other end of the low-level stream
is half-closed.
If this returns a false value (including None), the transport
will close itself. If it returns a true value, closing the
transport is up to the protocol.
"""
try:
if self._loop.get_debug():
logger.debug("%r received EOF", self)
self._wakeup_waiter(ConnectionResetError)
if not self._in_handshake:
keep_open = self._app_protocol.eof_received()
if keep_open:
logger.warning('returning true from eof_received() '
'has no effect when using ssl')
finally:
self._transport.close()
def _get_extra_info(self, name, default=None):
if name in self._extra:
return self._extra[name]
elif self._transport is not None:
return self._transport.get_extra_info(name, default)
else:
return default
def _start_shutdown(self):
if self._in_shutdown:
return
if self._in_handshake:
self._abort()
else:
self._in_shutdown = True
self._write_appdata(b'')
def _write_appdata(self, data):
self._write_backlog.append((data, 0))
self._write_buffer_size += len(data)
self._process_write_backlog()
def _start_handshake(self):
if self._loop.get_debug():
logger.debug("%r starts SSL handshake", self)
self._handshake_start_time = self._loop.time()
else:
self._handshake_start_time = None
self._in_handshake = True
# (b'', 1) is a special value in _process_write_backlog() to do
# the SSL handshake
self._write_backlog.append((b'', 1))
self._process_write_backlog()
def _on_handshake_complete(self, handshake_exc):
self._in_handshake = False
sslobj = self._sslpipe.ssl_object
try:
if handshake_exc is not None:
raise handshake_exc
peercert = sslobj.getpeercert()
if not hasattr(self._sslcontext, 'check_hostname'):
# Verify hostname if requested, Python 3.4+ uses check_hostname
# and checks the hostname in do_handshake()
if (self._server_hostname
and self._sslcontext.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE):
ssl.match_hostname(peercert, self._server_hostname)
except BaseException as exc:
if self._loop.get_debug():
if isinstance(exc, ssl.CertificateError):
logger.warning("%r: SSL handshake failed "
"on verifying the certificate",
self, exc_info=True)
else:
logger.warning("%r: SSL handshake failed",
self, exc_info=True)
self._transport.close()
if isinstance(exc, Exception):
self._wakeup_waiter(exc)
return
else:
raise
if self._loop.get_debug():
dt = self._loop.time() - self._handshake_start_time
logger.debug("%r: SSL handshake took %.1f ms", self, dt * 1e3)
# Add extra info that becomes available after handshake.
self._extra.update(peercert=peercert,
cipher=sslobj.cipher(),
compression=sslobj.compression(),
ssl_object=sslobj,
)
if self._call_connection_made:
self._app_protocol.connection_made(self._app_transport)
self._wakeup_waiter()
self._session_established = True
# In case transport.write() was already called. Don't call
# immediately _process_write_backlog(), but schedule it:
# _on_handshake_complete() can be called indirectly from
# _process_write_backlog(), and _process_write_backlog() is not
# reentrant.
self._loop.call_soon(self._process_write_backlog)
def _process_write_backlog(self):
# Try to make progress on the write backlog.
if self._transport is None or self._sslpipe is None:
return
try:
for i in range(len(self._write_backlog)):
data, offset = self._write_backlog[0]
if data:
ssldata, offset = self._sslpipe.feed_appdata(data, offset)
elif offset:
ssldata = self._sslpipe.do_handshake(
self._on_handshake_complete)
offset = 1
else:
ssldata = self._sslpipe.shutdown(self._finalize)
offset = 1
for chunk in ssldata:
self._transport.write(chunk)
if offset < len(data):
self._write_backlog[0] = (data, offset)
# A short write means that a write is blocked on a read
# We need to enable reading if it is paused!
assert self._sslpipe.need_ssldata
if self._transport._paused:
self._transport.resume_reading()
break
# An entire chunk from the backlog was processed. We can
# delete it and reduce the outstanding buffer size.
del self._write_backlog[0]
self._write_buffer_size -= len(data)
except BaseException as exc:
if self._in_handshake:
# BaseExceptions will be re-raised in _on_handshake_complete.
self._on_handshake_complete(exc)
else:
self._fatal_error(exc, 'Fatal error on SSL transport')
if not isinstance(exc, Exception):
# BaseException
raise
def _fatal_error(self, exc, message='Fatal error on transport'):
# Should be called from exception handler only.
if isinstance(exc, base_events._FATAL_ERROR_IGNORE):
if self._loop.get_debug():
logger.debug("%r: %s", self, message, exc_info=True)
else:
self._loop.call_exception_handler({
'message': message,
'exception': exc,
'transport': self._transport,
'protocol': self,
})
if self._transport:
self._transport._force_close(exc)
def _finalize(self):
self._sslpipe = None
if self._transport is not None:
self._transport.close()
def _abort(self):
try:
if self._transport is not None:
self._transport.abort()
finally:
self._finalize()